Maternal Malnutrition: Burden on Maternal and Neonatal Health in Pakistan

Abstract

Maternal malnutrition is a major public health concern in Pakistan, contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes, increased maternal and neonatal mortality, and long-term health issues in children. It includes undernutrition, overweight and obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies, with a significant proportion of women of reproductive age affected due to poverty, food insecurity, low education, and inadequate antenatal care. Poor maternal nutrition is strongly associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction, creating a cycle of poor health and reduced human capital. Addressing this challenge requires integrated strategies including nutritional education and supplementation, strengthened antenatal services, community engagement, effective policy implementation, and ongoing research. Expanding national initiatives such as the Aaghosh program can help reduce regional disparities and support Pakistan’s progress toward achieving maternal and neonatal health targets under the Sustainable Development Goals.